Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide

Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide is the name given to any aqueous (water-based) solution of ammonia. In pure form, it is a clear liquid that smells strongly of ammonia. Household ammonia usually is 5-10% ammonium hydroxide solution. Other names for ammonium hydroxide are: Ammonia (e.g., household ammonia) [versus anhydrous ammonia]Aqueous ammoniaAmmonia solutionAmmonia waterAmmonia liquorAmmonical liquorSpirit of Hartshorn Chemical Formula of Ammonium Hydroxide The chemical formula of ammonium hydroxide is  NH4OH, but in practice, ammonia deprotonates some of the water, so the species found in solution are a combination of NH3,  NH4,, and OH− in water. Ammonium Hydroxide Uses Household ammonia, which is ammonium hydroxide, is a common cleaner. Its also used as a disinfectant, food leavening agent, to treat straw for cattle feed, to enhance tobacco flavor, to cycle an aquarium without fish, and as a chemical precursor for hexamethylenetetramine and ethylenediamine. In the chemistry lab, it is used for qualitative inorganic analysis and to dissolve silver oxide. Concentration of Saturated Solution Its important for chemists to realize the concentration of a saturated ammonium hydroxide solution decreases as temperature increases. If a saturated solution of ammonium hydroxide is prepared at a cool temperature and the sealed container is heated, the concentration of the solution decreases and ammonia gas can build up in the container, potentially leading it to rupture. At a minimum, unsealing the warm container releases toxic ammonia vapors. Safety Ammonia in any form is toxic, whether it is inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or ingested. Like most other bases, its also corrosive, which means it can burn skin or damage mucous membranes, such as eyes and the nasal cavity. Its also important to refrain from mixing ammonia with other household chemicals because they may react to release additional toxic fumes.

The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History

The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History The American civil war has generated intense debates regarding its causes and potential impacts. The war which took place between 1861 and 1865 has been cited as one of the earliest industrial wars in history.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The war was a result of various issues so tracing back to the American colonization. The American civil war was one of the major turning points in American history and is responsible in shaping the modern America. During the period after the American Revolution, slavery was deeply engrained in the American society. In the southern states, slaves were considered an important part of life as they provided valuable labor in the agricultural fields. However, many Americans viewed slavery as the â€Å"greatest evil in the American society† (Foner, 438) and a practice that went again st the Declaration of Independence. Several groups joined together and started the antislavery movement in the 1780s. However, this movement did not have a huge impact mainly due to the need to preserve national unity. During this period, the country was divided into two regions. The Mason Dixon line separated the Northeast, New England and Midwest from the Southern states (Foner, 250). The Northern states were enjoying a fast paced growth in economy from commerce, mining, transportation and industry. Slavery was also outlawed in the areas north of the Border States. The economy of the southern states was however fueled by the plantation system that relied heavily on slave labor. The south had fewer industries and manufacturing plants. The politics and economy of the south was controlled by slave owners. The southern plantation owners viewed slave as properties and as such it was their constitutional rights to own slaves and to deal with them as they saw fit. The constitutional conv ention of 1787 was characterized by intense debates on the three-fifths clauses and the 20 year extension of the African slave trade (Foner, 258). The three-fifths clause granted the southerners more representation in government hence granted them more power in controlling national affairs. This created sectional tension as both the North and the South tried to gain more territories in order to increase their influence in the House of Representatives. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 banned slavery on the Northwest Territory thus dividing the country into two, a southern region where slavery was legal, and a northern area where slavery was abolished.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the different position both Northern and Southern states had taken, sectional tension increased with the possibility of violence being heightened. In 1819, Congressman Tallmadge proposed amend ments that would admit Missouri into the Union as a free state (Foner, 363). At the time, the country was equally divided with both the north and the south having 11 states. The Tallmadge amendments failed to pass the senate leading to a crisis on whether Missouri would be admitted as a slave state. The compromise of 1820 was enacted in order to solve this crisis by admitting Maine as a Free State and Missouri as a slave state. Slavery was also banned in the territories acquired from the Louisiana Purchase North and West of the 36-30 Missouri line (Foner, 364). The institution of the gag rule prevented discussion of slavery issues in congress from 1835-1844. The Mexican-American war that began on 1846 however intensified the slavery debate. The acquisition of new territories as a result of the war led to deep divisions within the nation and was largely responsible for pushing the nation towards conflict. After the war, the Wilmot proviso was passed in order to ban slavery from all t erritories acquired from Mexico (Foner, 475). The Proviso failed to pass the senate mainly due to the influence southern states had at the time. During this time, the popular sovereignty act was also proposed in which each state was given the power to decide whether or not slavery should be allowed. These bills led to increased debates and the chances that the nation was headed for a war increased dramatically. In order to relieve this tension, the compromise of 1850 was passed (Foner, 477). The compromise that was composed of 5 bills was credited for postponing the civil war for a decade. The Fugitive States act contained within the compromise however resulted as a point of controversy and ignited further conflicts While slavery remained the main source of arguments between the North and the south, the economy differences between the two also played a major role. The cotton plantations of the south generated over 70% of the world’s cotton supply. The cotton gin invented in 1 793 improved cotton harvesting hence more cotton could be harvested. This resulted in the strengthening of King Cotton as the main source of economic prosperity of the south. This led to the need for more slaves in order to capitalize on the potential profits (Foner, 531). While the south remained mainly agricultural, the northern states were developing industries, transportation systems and mechanized agricultural systems. The industrial North formed a business partnership with the agrarian Midwest at the expense of the south. The economy of the two northern regions prospered while the monoculture agricultural system of the south suffered due to poor agricultural practices and restrictions on slavery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Civil War as the Turning Point in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Kansas-Nebraska act introduced in 1854 repelled the Missouri compromise and ignited protest in the Northern states. The act was intended to open more territories for agriculture and proposed popular sovereignty as a mean of solving slavery issues. Soon after its implementation, the Dred Scotts decision was passed which stated that slavery was legal in any part of the country even if the majority of the citizens were against slavery. This decision fueled more protests in the North as most people saw this as a means to force slavery in the Northern States (Foner, 488). The Lincoln-Douglas debates held in 1858 led to further stratification of the country. The Southerners were suspicious of Lincoln as he was mainly anti-slavery and his ascension to power would result in the demise of slavery. With the election of Lincoln, several states left the Union to form the confederacy an act that made armed conflict inevitable. The American Civil war took place between 1861 and 1865 resulting in numerous deaths and loss of property worth millions. However, many scholars agree th at the war was responsible in shaping the modern America and many advantages that are being enjoyed currently could not have been achieved had the war not taken place. The war was responsible in increasing the American military strength. During the war, many people joined the army thus increasing the size of the American armed forces. The war also resulted in the formation of the United States of America. The confederacy was disbanded and all states were united under one leadership, one flag and one president. The civil war was also responsible for the end of slavery. Congress approved the 13th Amendment on January 31, 1865 thereby abolishing slavery in America (Foner, 540). Although racialism persisted in America, the civil war created the foundation in which racialism would soon come to an end. The war also led to the strengthening of the American economy. Political and economic power shifted from the South to the North and America became a capitalist country. The economy relied m ore on industrial development and America was on its way to become a military and economic superpower. The American Civil war was caused by deep divisions that existed between the Northern and Southern states. The slavery issue was undeniably the main cause of the tensions that existed between the North and the South. The northerners viewed slavery as a moral sin while the Southerners viewed slavery as an essential part of their lives. In order to suppress tensions between the North and South, various compromises were enacted. However these compromises were ineffective and generated more problems than the solved. In 1861, America was plunged into a war that lasted for four years. The war marked the rise of a new united country in which slavery was abolished. The military and economic strength of the new country was also improved which would make America the greatest superpower in the world.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Foner, Eric. Give me Liberty! New York: Norton and Company

The Importance of effective political communications and how to build Essay

The Importance of effective political communications and how to build and managed country reputation through effective political communications - Essay Example nd if the communication process is to be effective then the needs of the citizens to communicate on various issues in order to have them addressed must be fulfilled. This requires then a level of professionalism from both the political organisations and the journalist – the two institutions which are critical to the political communication system. McNamara (2010) definition of effective is worth mentioning here – ‘reaching the citizenry in such a way as to impact their views in a positive way.’ Numerous communication theories have been put forward in order to analyse communication in the political sphere. Grunig and Hunt (1984) has put forward four models of PR, three of which emphasise one way communication and a two-way symmetrical model which is the ideal situation for a democracy and thus for effective political communication,. This model employs communication for the purpose of negotiating with publics, resolving conflicts, and for the promotion of mutual understanding and respect between the organisation and its publics. Present day political communication seems to be lacking to a great extent in this regard. This paper looks at the work of a number of writers/researchers who have done work in the area of political communication. Each of them has put forward their theory on political communication. The ones which are of interest are introduced and critiqued separately. The paper also provides a comparative analysis of their work. Blumler and Gurevitch (1995) in their book ‘The Crisis of Public Communication’ looks at the issues affecting effective political communication. Blumler and Gurevitch (1995) attribute this crisis to four sources: the drive by the two political communication institutions – politicians and journalists, to understand the strategies used by each other in order to make adjustments in response to each others actions; and Blumler and Gurevitch (1995) link the communicators and the audience in a network of expectations

A critical analysis of a patient's journey through Paediatric Essay

A critical analysis of a patient's journey through Paediatric Intensive Care Unit from a nursing perspective - Essay Example Even with the children who suffer the extreme form of this heart defect. The success rate has been very encouraging. The said infant suffered from Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) which is an extension of congenital heart disease. It is the fourth most common type of congenital cardiac defect. It basically is a functional signal ventricle due to the congenital heart. HLHS is characterized by a multiple abnormalities related to heart including steosis or atresia of ventricular  inflow and outflow tracts of both the left side (Report of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program, 1980). In the 1980’s most of the infants died within the first month of their birth but since then due to various medical advancements and the advent of Norwood procedure, the survival rate has risen a great deal (Kirklin et al. 1980). The two treatments of the congenital heart being currently offered are either multi stages surgical palliation or the orthotopic cardiac transplantation. The mortality rate of the HLHS is considerably higher than other defects occurring due to the congenital heart disease. Additionally there is not much knowledge and information about the long-term follow-up related to the HLHS survivors (Caplan et al. 1996). The infants who are born with this disease are usually born on time and have relatively normal birth weight. It has also been researched that extra cardiac and malformationsare is present in about 2.3% of them (Report of the New England Regional Infant Cardiac Program). It has also been noticed that its occurrence is more in boys than in girls. Fortunately the chances of this disease being present in the siblings are only 0.5% of the times and only 2.2% for other extension of congenital heart disease (Wernovsky, Bove, 1998). The chances of survival post the cardinal surgery has been increased to 95% now. Unfortunately the exact cause of the HLHS has yet

The Game of Tennis Essay Example for Free

The Game of Tennis Essay The history of tennis is said to date back several of thousands of years. The game was created by European monks. It began as a game for â€Å"entertainment purposes during religious ceremonies. To begin the game of tennis one was too hit the ball with their hand, soon the leather glove came into existence. This now replaced ones hand with a more effective way to hit and serve the ball, and so the first â€Å"racquet† was created. With a new way to hit the tennis balls, then the ball went under reconstruction and redesign seeing as the first tennis ball was wooden. Soon the new ball was bouncier, it was made of leather filled with cellulose material. The game of tennis soon became very popular in Europe, then in france as it was adopted by the royal family. But in the beginning tennis was called â€Å"Jeu de paumme† – the game of the palm, and it was played by kings and noblemen. The French players began the game by yelling the word â€Å"tenez!† which meant â€Å"Play!† The name was then changed to royal or â€Å"real tennis.† In 1874 the first tennis courts came to be in the United States and Major Walter Wingfield had requested the patent rights for the equipment and rules of the game. The game spread like wild fire to different parts of the world like, Russia, Canada, India and China. Although Wingfield’s version of the tennis courts and rules of the game underwent a many changes until it gave way to the modern version of tennis we play today. The earliest of origins of tennis are said to be a matter of â€Å"some dispute.† Some believe that the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans were the first to play tennis, but no drawings or descriptions to prove this information has ever been discovered. One this we do know is a few Arabic words dating from ancient Egyptian times are cited as evidence. The name tennis comes from the Egyptian town, Tinnis and the word racquet is Arabic for palm of the hand. Aside from those two words, evidence to prove any form of the game tennis being played or created the year 1000 is lacking, and most people and historians credit the first origins to the French. As far as the rules of the game of Tennis I decided to get simplified version of them which I had found on another High School’s website. â€Å"The rules of tennis are quite simple. The game itself is complex. Rule 1. Opponents stand on opposite sides of the court. The player who delivers the ball to start the point is called the server. The player who stands opposite and cross-court from the server is the receiver. Rule 2. The right to serve, receive, choose your side, or give the opponent these choices is decided by a toss of a coin or racquet. If the choice of service or receiver is chosen, the opponent chooses which side to start. Rule 3. The server shall stand behind the baseline on the deuce court within the boundaries of the singles court when playing singles and within the doubles sideline when playing doubles. All even points are played from the deuce court and odd number points played from the advantage court. The server shall not serve until the receiver is ready. Serves are made from the deuce court to the opponents service box on the deuce court. Advantage court to advantage box. If the server misses his target twice, he loses the point. If the ball hits the net and goes in the correct service box, another serve is granted. If the server steps on the baseline before contact is made, the serve is deemed a fault. Rule 4. The receiver is deemed ready if an attempt is made to return the servers ball. The receiver can stand where he likes but must let the ball bounce in the service box. If the ball does not land in the service box, it is deemed a fault and a second serve is given. If the ball is hit by either opponent before the ball bounces, the server wins the point. Rule 5. The server always calls his score first. If the server wins the first point, he gets a score of 15. Scoring is done like a clock. See example below. Love means zero in tennis. The second point is called 30. The third point is called 45 (now-a-days known as 40) and game is won when the score goes back to love. If the score is 40-40, also known as deuce, one side must win by two points. Advantage-In means if the server wins the next point, he wins the game. Advantage-Out means the receiver has a chance to win the game on the next point. LOVE 15-30-40 Rule 5. After the game, the opponents serve. Games equal 1. The first to win 6 games, by two, wins the set. The first to win 2 sets wins the match. If the score is 6-6, a tie-breaker is played. This is scored by ones. The first team to score 7 points winning by two wins the set. The tiebreaker continues until one side wins by two. Hence, Game-Set-Match. Rule 6. If the ball goes into the net, or outside the boundaries of the court, the player who hit that ball loses the point. If the ball hits the net during the point and goes into the opponents court, the ball is in play. A player loses the point if he touches the net, drops his racquet while hitting the ball, bounces the ball over the net, hits a part of the surroundings such as the roof, or a tree, the ball touches him or his partner, he deliberately tries to distract the opponent. Rule 7. A let is called during the point if a ball rolls on the court or there is a distraction from someone besides the players on the court. Rule 8. A ball that lands on the line is good. Rule 9. If players serve out of turn or serve to the wrong person or court, the point or game will stand and order will be resumed following the point or game. Also while researching the game of tennis I came across a list of the tennis terminology that made the definitions easier to understand for a beginner in tennis as well as someone just looking into the sport. As I read the terminologies I decided to make a table list for all of them with the definitions that the website provided for me. TermsDefinitions Ad CourtThe advantage court is the left side of the court for each player AdvantageAfter the score has reached 40-all, the winner of the next point will have the advantage, requiring another point to win the game. If the player with advantage loses the next point, the score reverts to 40-all. AlleyThe area of court bounded by the singles and doubles sidelines, used in doubles games. Angle-gameStyle of play where the all is hot so as to force the opponent wide of the court BackhandThe tennis stroke in which the ball is struck on the opposite side of the body to the racquet hand. BallThe tennis ball is made rubber with a green/yellow fury coating BallboysAssistants whose job it is to collect the ball and return it to the serving player. BaselineTwo-inch wide mark at the rear of the court CrosscourtA crosscourt shot is played diagonally across the court Double FaultWhen a server faults twice in a row, and a point is lost. Deucea score of 40 all Deuce Courtthe right side of the court of each player Drop ShotA volley in which the ball drops just over the net ForecourtArea of court between the service line and the net FootfaultWhen a server places their foot over the service line in the process of serving the ball FaultDuring a serve, when the ball does not land inside the service area on the full. The player loses a point after two consecutive faults. LinesmanOfficial who sits in a chair along lines of the court to call whether balls are in or out. LobA ball hit high in the air attempting to land behind the opposition player NetThe barrier that separates the two halves of the court. Net cord judgeOfficial who determines if the serve hits the net. RallyA series of consecutive shots played by opponents before a winner ServeOverhead shot to start each point Stanceposition of the body prior to playing a shot SpinA method of stroke play which induces a pronounced rolling of the ball in the air either sideways, forwards or backwards depending on whether the racquet face moves respectively across, over or under the ball. TopspinA forwards rotation of the ball after a shot Umpireofficial who keeps score during the match UnderspinA backwards rotation of the ball after a shot WinnerA shot that beats an opponent Tennis is a game played between two players in singles or between two teams of two players each in doubles. Each player has a racquet to have the opportunity to hit the tennis ball across the court, over the net into your opponents half of the court. One person on a team or one opponent is the server the other(s) is the receiver. After the server does an overhead shot into the receivers court the opponent is required to hit the tennis ball back until either the ball is out of play or out of the lines on the court or the opponent misses a fair ball.

Apple Computers G4 Snafu :: Essays Papers

Apple Computers G4 Snafu In fulfillment of the periodical paper assignment, I have chosen a recent story concerning Apple Computer Inc. as the topic for the first paper. Summary of Situation: After setting off a storm of consumer complaints earlier this week, Apple Computer Inc tried to make amends Friday by reversing a retroactive price increase for a small number of customers who had pre-ordered its new top-of-the-line G4 PowerMacs. Earlier this week, Apple said it was unable to offer the G4 PowerMac model equipped with a 500-megahertz processor until early next year because of supply constraints at its main chipmaker, Motorola Inc. Apple then ratcheted up the price on the 350, 400, and 450 MHz models that it could supply, trying to offset the lost potential revenues that the 500 MHz G4 would provide. Ethical Implications: I believe that Apple might have broke even concerning this ordeal; however, let's examine the specifics of both sides of what transpired here: When the company determined that the supply of 500 MHz chips was not going to meet the demand requested, they reconfigured its G4 family of desktop computers, offering systems with processors running at 350, 400 or 450 MHz -- but at higher prices -- instead of the original 400, 450 or 500 MHz machines. After the company received numerous complaints from customers, both loyal Apple supporters, and potential new customers, the company retracted its new restructuring, allowing the original pricing and megahertz versions to stay. Apple may have lost the faith of even some extreme supporters. Bill Bryant, who runs a health-care consulting business in Dallas, said he has been a Macintosh loyalist for 20 years. "...I'm thinking of buying a Dell or something. Some people are saying it's time to go to the dark side," he added, referring to PCs running on Microsoft's Windows operating system and processors. On the other hand, at least this was nothing close to the Intel fiasco of the early Nineties. I feel Apple handled this situation much more smoothly; it decided much faster that it could not incur a loss back onto customers. How the Situation Should Have Been Handled: I feel the company made the right ethical decision, despite the fact that this situation should not have happened at all. I think the decision to restructure the G4 line around the lack of the 500 MHz chip, and the corresponding price increase of available models was a very bad business decision, and possibly unethical.

Oreskes Climate Change

There have been plenty of disputes regarding the infamous topic global warming, despite the fact that there is a unanimous scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change. A history professor at UCSD, Naomi Oreskes, discusses this in her article, â€Å"The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change†. She begins her investigation by researching credible experts and environmental organizations, such as the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the National Academy of Sciences, and several others. By utilizing these various sources as evidence it strengthens her argument about the scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change. In this case, Oreskes audience consists of the general public with a minimal education of high school, interested about climate change. This article is published in a standard science magazine thus the selected audience should have some background knowledge regarding global warming, otherwise it would be too complex to comprehend. She constructs three main dependent claims that convince readers in support of her main claim-that humans are affecting climate change. These three main dependent claims consist of a report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, peer reviewed scientific journals, and concrete factual evidence from various corporation supporting her claims. As a result, it has allowed her to create a more persuasive argument, by using logic based data and credible sources with contextual knowledge on climate change. Oreskes clearly states there is a consensus among scientists about the human impacts on the climate regardless of what politicians, economists, and journalist disagree on. She professes that â€Å"[t]he scientific consensus is clearly expressed in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change† (par. 2). By stating this, the author firmly addresses which side she supports and how adamant she is about this subject. Oreskes uses a credible source such as the IPCC, who have background knowledge on global warming and whose â€Å"purpose is to evaluate the state of climate science†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (par. 2). By doing so, it furthers her argument by providing readers with valid claims from a credible source who has knowledge about the subject. This also appeals to ones ethos which proves to be helpful because it serves as a defendant for Oreskes claims. Pursuing this further, one realizes that Oreskes includes evidence from scientific journals on climate change with theories proving that humans are affecting the climate as part of her strategy to convince the readers. She asserts that there are 928 articles â€Å"published in refereed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003, and listed in the ISI database with the keywords global climate change† (par. 6). This serves to support her main claim by having tangible evidence that is published from scientists who have been studding this matter for a long time, proving her statement about anthropogenic climate change. Furthermore, all scientific journals are peer-reviewed, with exceeding analysis, in order to guarantee the articles validity. This term is implied in Oreskes article, which enhances her argument with a highly credible source. The extensive amount of effort that goes through these journals describes the accuracy within them. Her argument clearly appeals to one’s logic because of the factual data presented, thus refuting any bias rooted in her article. Additionally, the author utilizes concrete factual evidence from organizations that agree with and confirm her main claim. This strategy is executed when she states â€Å"The American Meteorological Society (6), the American Geophysical Union (7), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) all have issued statements in recent years concluding that the evidence for human modification of [the] climate is compelling. This directly establishes that various industries share the same viewpoint as the author and furthers her main claim as being accurate. She communicates to readers how many different corporations all agree that there is evidence proving that humans have modified the climate in drastic ways and still are. The content in which the author’s argument is structured is crucial to the overall effect of her article. She begins with a statement describing how some feel uncertain about climate change and more specifically the disagreement about anthropogenic climate change. Subsequently, the author proves her main claim that humans are affecting climate change with supporting evidence from credible organizations. She continues to examine her gathered evidence to reinforce her argument as factual, and not merely opinion based. Towards the end of her article, she generates an emotional tone â€Å"our grandchildren will surely blame us if they find that we understood the reality of anthropogenic climate change and failed to do anything about it†, which connects her to the audience (par. ). This advances her purpose because she then asks the readers to take action and listen to climate scientists, who have tried to make anthropogenic climate change clear to the public (par. 10). Likewise, Chris Mooney, a journalist and author who evaluated the relationship between scientists and the public, discusses the similar issue about climate change in his article, â€Å"†If Scientists Want to Educate the Public, they Should Start by Listening. He begins by gathering information generated from scientists and the public to determine why most people refuse to believe scientists on such topics as climate change, vaccination, and nuclear waste disposal. He concludes with suggestions of options that resolve this communication gap between scientist and the public. In comparison with Oreskes, he uses logical evidence from credible corporations to convey his meaning and get his point across to his intended audience, which in turn makes his argument stronger and more reasonable from a readers’ perspective. Both authors contribute different views on the same problem; one establishes a gap between the public and the scientists while the other describes human based effects on the climate. Together they both further the audiences’ understanding about climate change with two different perspectives and in return they get both sides of the story instead of pointing fault to the one they don’t agree with. Overall, one can determine from reading Oreskes’ article that humans are contributing to the temperature rise in the climate. She configures her argument around this fact, stating genuine evidence from organizations such as the IPCC and appealing to ones’ logical senses. Throughout her article, it contains supporting data from scientific journals and experts in the fields of science. The author confidently agrees that scientists have tried to persuade the public about anthropogenic climate change and â€Å"It is time for the rest of us to listen† (par. 10). Personally, I agree with Oreskes, and believe that we should take the next step forward towards a better environment. By doing so, it will create a cleaner atmosphere for us to live in and will improve ecosystems. Everything on earth is interconnected; by bettering one aspect it creates this ripple effect that betters another. When the United States begins this march towards improving global warming, others will do so as well. This is clearly represented in both articles that the first stage towards a better environment involves humans taking action.

Classifications of Restaurants

Restaurant Classification Restaurants are found throughout the United States as well as other countries. Restaurants are found in many different places such as street corners in mobile businesses, buffets found in mid-sized towns and cities, as well as upscale restaurants that are most always found in larger and more populated areas. All of these places serve one purpose in common; to aide to the desired food cravings of countless people. A person might say that there are no noticeable differences of each type of restaurant, but hidden beneath their common goals are various differences that set each apart. Mobile food businesses have become very popular in middle class areas and serve people of all kinds. Although the food may seem delicious, mobile food businesses such as taco wagons spend their time constantly traveling to different places for business. Their trucks can be unclean as it is a hassle to clean out a truck of grease and fallen food. Most people cannot see the inside of a taco truck because they are too high off the ground to see and each wagon has windows that are hard to see inside of. As a result, many people do not see the harm or realize these things and therefore do not care. There is also an inconvenience to customers as there is no formal seating are for dining, and if there is, it is found outdoors. Many people do not want to spend their time eating next to a busy street where everyone passing by can see them, while others may like to simply enjoy the outdoors. Mobile food businesses like these also have very few workers which may lead to food that is delayed in delivery. People that come to food trucks like their food to be delivered in a fast and timely manner so they can get to wherever they are going on time instead of having to wait in a line for their food to be done cooking. Aside from its downsides, there are also positives about mobile food businesses. If there were not any, they would not be in business and be as popular as they are. Many people chose these types of businesses because they are a cheap alternative to fast food places such as McDonald’s. Given the choice of a two pound burrito or a small burger and fries for the same price, most people would choose the burrito. Places such as taco wagons and others provide people with authentic food that may or may not be a part of their culture. Some of these places use ingredients that they would use in their own part of the world. This provides customers with a variety and a little taste of home. Being able to live in a place that provides anyone with a taste of home will bring good money, especially when a town’s population has a lot of diversity. A second type of restaurant that is found in many towns and cities is buffets. Some people see buffets as unsanitary places because of the fact that the food is left out in the open for others to touch or spread more germs. When someone is eating they do not want to think of themselves as in taking germs with every bite that they take, but rather eating food that is delicious and safe to eat. Buffets may also have long lines of people. Because there is no limited amount of food a person can get, hungry people come to these restaurants and go through lines multiple times to get numerous amounts of food. These types of restaurants could play a role in the obesity rate of families today and future families to come. Although eating a lot of food sounds amazing, it is unhealthy and bad for the body. The food that is sold in buffets made seem homemade, and not like a fast food restaurant, but that does not mean that it is healthy and good for the body. Eating mass amounts of food like this can lead to damage to the body over a long period of time. In the worst case scenario, it could lead to more than just obesity. People choose buffets because of their low flat rates. Seizing the opportunity to engulf unlimited amounts of entrees and desserts for about ten dollars is the best deal in the food industry. No other food place can beat a buffet’s deal. Buffets must know this because they would not be in business if they did not. Along with their low costs, buffets are very convenient to their customers. Buffets allow their customers to choose any kind of food they choose to consume, compared to other restaurants that have you choose a certain group of things. The cost from other restaurants includes only the entree. Anything else that someone wishes to choose would be an additional charge to the customer. With a buffet, the cost that it takes to eat there includes the beverage, entree, and dessert. People can mix and match their favorite foods until they are fully satisfied with their meal. The third type of restaurant is the upscale restaurants. These types of restaurants are found mainly in big cities where they can charge people hundreds of dollars for their meals. The meals may be smaller in size, but superior in quality. These places have a fancy and elegant feel to them. Their customers wear formal clothing and eat their meals by candlelight. The food is made of better quality ingredients so it is not unusual for food to take much longer to be prepared and finally arrive at the customers table. Most of the upscale restaurants are not family welcoming. Children of young ages are frowned upon as to not disturb the dining experiences of others. Children seem to not sit still and be noisy. They are also very messy. In high class restaurants it is not usual to see a child, although it is not a standalone rule, it is just a rule that is thought to be in place. These restaurants are more sophisticated and seem as though only a certain type of financially able people should dine there. It is unlikely that a person with little or no money would pay a hundred dollars for a steak and a potato. A person of wealth, on the other hand, would pay a large quantity of money for a simple, yet elegant meal. Although upscale restaurants may have standards, these restaurants have very friendly and inviting staff. It is only an expectation that if customers are willing to pay top dollar for their food, then they shall receive top dollar service. Waiters are usually always there to make sure that your glass is always full and you are happy with how your meal turned out. Along with their friendly and inviting service, most of these restaurants serve only the best and the freshest food available. These items are made fresh right when ordered as opposed to fast food restaurant’s food which is premade and heated to serve to customers. The food that is prepared at upscale restaurants is made to please its customers in the best way possible. Anyone can count on reliable food, service, and cleanliness from upscale restaurants. The goods must outweigh the bad in every area for this type of restaurant to still be popular and serving people to this day. Americans all over the world enjoy different types of restaurants. Mobile food businesses, buffets, and upscale restaurants mark just a few classifications of the restaurant businesses that are found throughout the country. Even with the obvious differences that they possess, the share one common goal; to serve the people who desire and yearn for their food. Although these places may leave drawbacks, they each possess a certain advantage that draws customers back time and time again.

CAW vs PC WORLD - Law Case Study

CAW vs PC WORLD - Law Case Study CAW vs PC WORLDCaseStraight out, this case is about the "duty to bargain in good faith", unfair labour practices.CAW-Local 127, the applicant, claimed that PC World the responding party, that they engaged in bad faith bargaining, and requested a number of remedies for the alleged breach. PC World denied it had breached the Act, and was seeking the dismissal of these applications.The Boards decision after hearing from both sides: a) is that the January 8, 1997 proposal made by PC World has been extinguished by the passage of time; b) that PC World did violate the obligation to bargain in good faith and to make every reasonable effort to reach a collective agreement; c) that PC World's proposal of April 18, 1997, appears to have been designed to be rejected by the Union and its members; d) the parties are directed to return to bargaining forthwith to bargain in good faith and to make every reasonable effort that reach a collective agreement.English: PC World, Kensington High Street, Lo ndon....PC World was stating that their January 8th proposal was removed off the table, where the Union stated that the offer was still valid and it was never removed. So PC World, due to a lengthy strike, the offer should be considered to have elapsed. In the Board's decisions after reviewing the evidence decided that PC World never told the Union on January 8th that if a strike commenced that the last offer was off the table. That if the offer had been withdrawn and they did not notify the Union, then the employer had failed to bargain in good faith because both sides never met again until April 16, 1997.From the commencement of the strike the Union persistently asked and pleaded to meet with the employer to recommence bargaining.

Business Studies Coursework

Business Studies Coursework Business Studies Coursework Business Studies Coursework Business studies coursework writing should start with the effective introduction presenting the reader to the topic, lead to well-developed and logically presented main points, and end with the relevant conclusion. Business studies coursework writing is not easy because in addition to following the academic standards of coursework writing, you must relate your writing to the real life examples. Sometimes, business studies coursework is to be presented in the form of the case study. Sometimes, you have a specific case to read and then provide answers to the questions on the case. Sometimes, you are required to conduct the research on the particular business issue and present your business studies coursework in the form of the report. There are many possible formats to follow, but the rules for successful business studies coursework writing are the same. If you need professional help with writing your business studies coursework, you may rely on our custom writing service and get a cus tom written coursework! Step 1: Choose the Business Studies Coursework Topic Do not think that having a general topic is enough to write a good coursework. The truth is that good business studies coursework are focused and narrow enough to exhibit your deep understanding of the issue. For example, if your teacher asks you write a business studies coursework about ethics at workplace, you should not try to cover all possible aspects of the topic. It would be much more effective to choose one aspect of workplace ethics (discrimination against female workers and the reaction of management to it, for example) to develop your writing. Of course, you need to ask your teacher about the specifics beforehand. It can be the case that you must cover the general topic of business ethics. Step 2: Include Evidence in your Business Studies Coursework It is of primary importance to support the ideas made in business studies coursework with factual reliable information. Rely on statistics, official reports, governmental publications, Harvard business case studies, etc. Here is the example of data to include in your coursework: It is estimated by Otto T. Mallery that government outlays in America have grown to about $900,000,000 a year, of which one-third or $300,000,000 might be set aside annually in accumulating a reserve for increased expenditures during periods of partial business collapse. The periods for reserve he concludes, are on the average about four years thus supplying a possible total of $1,200,000,000 public reserve fund to plump into the deepening trough of cyclical depression. Of this very tidy sum Mr. Mallery thinks two-thirds or $800,000,000 would normally be expended in wages. This, added to the non-reserve-year pay-roll of $600,000,000 offers a possible expenditure during one year when the effects of industrial depression become ominous-of $1,400,000,000 for direct employment. This would be of enormous benefit in avoiding acute distress. Step 3: Proofread your Business Studies Coursework This step appears to be evident but yet it is often ignored by the students. It is normal to make mistakes and mistype the words. However, it is unacceptable to submit business studies coursework without proofreading: It takes a lot of time and efforts to write a good business studies coursework while many students are not able to afford their time to coursework writing as there many other tasks to accomplish. We offer you an effective and working solution: custom coursework writing help! Our coursework writers are qualified to help you with writing and they will definitely follow all requirements. We deliver only custom coursework written from scratch and 100% original! If you need help with religious coursework writing or looking for paper editing help, our writers are always online to assist you with all types of assignments! Interesting posts: Political Science Thesis Parts of a Thesis Master Thesis Get Dissertation Help Dissertation Subjects

Motivation at the workplace Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation at the workplace - Assignment Example Motivation is more of psychological processes that lead to arousal, persistence and direction of one’s behavior. Intrinsic motivation is driven by enjoyment or interest in task itself and it exists within individual and not on any external pleasure (Alexander et al, 2000, p. 54). Extrinsic motivation is driven by activity performance that is focused on attaining an outcome, it rises from outside the person, and some of the forms of extrinsic motivations include threat of punishment, coercion, money and grades (Jelencic, 2011, p. 3). Competition is also a form of extrinsic motivation. In the workplace, work of manager entails getting work done by employees, for this to be achieved; managers have a role to motivate employees. Motivation entails both theory and practice and its one of the difficult subjects that touches various disciplines. In the workplace, motivation is approached by businesses in different ways as managers try their best to motivate employees to work hard, how ever, the fact is that no one can make one work where that person has no desire to work (Podroff, 2005, p. 40). Effective motivation requires the managers to shift workers mindset and understanding of employees creating the appropriate set of circumstances in the workplace. Podroff (2005, p. 40) has argued that motivation is not and cannot be coerced. Importance of workplace motivation According to Jex and Britt (2008, p. 234), motivation is central in determining intensity, duration, and direction of work-related behavior among employees, behavior here refers to activities that employees engage in at workplace. Intensity of motivation determines the energy and vigor that employees put in directing their work-related goals. In organizational psychology, common motivation dependent variables include employees’ choice, effort, and at times persistence. Motivation influences the performance and well-being of employees. Kondalkar (p.246) added that motivation reduces employeesâ⠂¬â„¢ turnover, enhances their ability to accept organizational change, and improves the image of the organization. Ways of enhancing workplace motivation Bruce (2006, p. 7) suggested various ways of motivating staff, one of them is to know their need for motivation, once the manager is able to answer the question, he/she is well placed in engaging the employees at work more effectively and influence their workplace behavior so that they can act more enthusiastically focusing on achieving the organizational goals. Managers must also recognize employees’ real motivation without relying on myths like financial incentives as the only motivator; this requires mangers to evaluate the factors that drive their employees’ motivation. Managers need to inspire employees to what is meaningful and important, for instance, they can inspire the staff to think like business entrepreneurs, to take risks and unleash their synergistic and limitless potential. Effective communication is also essential in enabling staff realize the reasons for doing what managers desire to be done, employees may not necessarily be motivated by managers reasons and objectives, they would wish to know what is in the objectives for themselves, managers therefore must communicate to them so as to evaluate their purposes and causes and connect them to organizational activities and goals. Latham (2007, p. 4) argued that motiv

Pest analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Pest analysis - Essay Example BP’s industry areas are vast; spanning to include Oil and gas exploration and production, refining, marketing and supply of petroleum products, manufacturing and marketing of Chemicals, Gas & Power generation and the manufacture of Photovoltaic (solar) cells (Corporate Watch 2008). Like any other international business, BP has its own strengths and weaknesses and can trace its achievements and failures to certain political, economic, social and technological factors. This report seeks to delve into the PEST analysis of the company; based on which a reflection of where the company is coming and its direction for the future shall be outlined. Method for growth and Reasons for choosing the method Seen as â€Å"one of the barometer companies of the British economy† (Corporate Watch 2008), facts and figures available from the company’s website indicates that as at the close of 2009, the company’s sales and other operating revenues excluding customs, duties and sales taxes stood at $239 billion. With a total of 16 refineries across the world, the company employed 80,300 as at 31 December 2009. With this, the replacement cost profit for the company over the same period 2009 was $14.0 billion (BP, 2010). BP’s key method that has seen the company through its rapid growth rate is the concentration on its present capital territories rather than starting new ventures and investments. For instance having 62% working interest in the Tiber prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, the company keeps â€Å"investing extensively in deepwater exploration and development, and through an aggressive entry into onshore natural gas† (Fox, 2010) of which its greatest concentration is the Tiber prospect is. The reason why the company has chosen this method can be justified by the global economic meltdown that was experienced the world-around. With the economic crunch, it was almost unwise to start anything new when one had old ventured to grow. PEST Analy sis Current position of the company BP’s current position in the today’s economic climate is best illustrated by its annual reporting for the year ending 31 December 2010. The report touches on all three business segments of BP which are â€Å"Exploration and Production, Refining and Marketing and Gas, Power and Renewable.† (Aruvian’s Research, 2008). According to the report, the company’s total asset for year ending 2010 was $272,262m as compared too $235,968m for year ending 2009. With liabilities, the company’s total liability for year ending 2010 was $176,371m as against $133,855m for year ending 1999. This brings the net asset as of 31 December 2010 to $95,891m as against $102,113m for 2009 (BP Summary Review, 2010, p. 21). With regards to group cash flow, the cash and cash equivalent for end of year 2010 was $18,556m as against $8339m for the same period 2009. Generally, the company did not perform impressively well in 2010, which is a good yardstick of the company’s present state as against 2009. With regards to replacement cost for instance, the company recorded a loss of 26.17 per ordinary share (BP Summary Review, 2010, p. 17). Reasons for this performance can be traced from the PEST analysis of the company below. Political BP’s three business spectrums are Exploration and Production, Refining and Marketing and Gas, Power and Renewable. Coincidentally, these are aspects of petrochemical trade that is undertaken by